Universalism can
look very appealing. Here is what the Christian
Universalist Association (CUA) writes about it:
· Are you looking for a faith that boldly
proclaims God’s unfailing love for all people? A faith that accepts Jesus as
Savior and holds him up as someone who shows us the heart of the Creator, as
someone everyone can follow with joy and integrity — and yet a faith that does
not use fear of eternal hell as a stick to force you into the fold? Are you
searching for a faith based on the premise that in the end there will be no one
left behind — a faith that through this blessed hope can truly break down
barriers and bring people together in a spirit of joy and “good tidings to
all”?
This form of universalism is appealing in a number of ways:
- It allows you to retain some semblance of your Christian faith
- It also coincides with today’s secularism that denies any eternal punishment, removes all distinctions among peoples, eliminates any fear of judgment, provides a popular but simplistic faith, and is all-inclusive.
However, not everything that is appealing is true. Here is a
slightly edited dialogue (of my own words) that I recently had with
universalists at the CUA Facebook group. I hope it illustrates some of the
problems with universalism.
Daniel, you can't have "Mercy enduring forever" and eternal
torment too. One cancels out the other right? Which would you prefer to win or
last forever? Is your god, eternally angry, hateful, judgmental vindictive? Or
does your heaven have NO eternal forgiveness, grace of unconditional love?
Even biblically, there is so much we don't know about hell
and eternal judgment. Is it a matter of annihilation (and not eternal anger)? If
annihilation is the eternal consequence (or one of them), then it isn’t a
matter of God being eternally angry, but rather a matter of people refusing to
come to the light and be eternally healed. Is it something self-chosen due to
our hate of the light (God) John 3:17-20? In this case, how could we call God “vindictive”
for allowing the lover of darkness to choose his destiny?
Unless, you can precisely define the nature of hell, we
cannot begin to suggest that the existence of hell contradicts the nature of
God as presented in the Bible.
Consequently, I do not see contradiction where you see it. I
am willing to live with a certain degree of tension and uncertainty about the
nature of hell because I am convinced that God will reconcile it all lovingly
and justly in the end.
I am also left to wonder where your evidence and confidence
about universalism arises, now that you have rejected the biblical revelation.
Do you have a more trustworthy revelation?
Daniel, the evidence for the existence of a loving God is everywhere,
not just in the Bible. Just google "proof of God," and then start
reading. Close your eyes and try to imagine yourself not existing. Unimaginable.
Try to imagine a God who by His nature is the very definition of love, and at
the same time hateful and vindictive towards those who want to believe in Him,
but can't. Unimaginable! We all know in our hearts that God is love, because
God has planted those feelings there. Trust your gut. Trust your heart. God
will fill in all the details when you are ready to know more. For some, that
won't come until after death. But that's OK. Whether we believe it or not, God
loves us and is always with us. So, just go out there and live your life to the
fullest and follow your heart.
Along with you, I certainly believe that God is love.
However, I don't think that this contradicts the fact that God is also
righteous (judging), just and holy. Meanwhile, based upon what you regard as imaginable and unimaginable,
you impugn the biblical God as “hateful and vindictive towards those who want
to believe in Him, but can't.”
What if instead, they refuse to believe (Rom. 1:18-32;
3:10-16) because they hate God and refuse to come to Him and be saved (John
3:19-21). Unless you can prove that humanity is as innocent as the CUAs make us
out to be, then you cannot make the case that the biblical God is “hateful.”
It seems that a lot of our differences arise from the way the
CUA seems to imagine humanity, God and hell. While your imagination conjures up
a relatively innocent humanity, and an unjustified hell and a God who is less
that righteous, just and holy, the Bible presents an entirely different
portrait.
Daniel, instead of viewing [God’s here-and-now judgments] as
vindictive, we view them as remedial and restorative in purpose.
I too would have trouble with the vindictive part. However,
to the prophet Ezekiel, God reveals:
- "Say to them, ‘As surely as I live, declares the Sovereign Lord, I take no pleasure in the death of the wicked, but rather that they turn from their ways and live. Turn! Turn from your evil ways! Why will you die, people of Israel?’" (Ezek. 33:11)
Perhaps then hell is a matter of annihilation for those who
refuse to be connected to Life and find restoration or perhaps hell is self-chosen.
Since they detest the presence of the Light as they have in this life, perhaps
for them, darkness will remain preferable to the Light in the next life.
Oh no! Who refuses to be connected to Life, who detests the presence of
the Light? They are the ones whose souls have been warped, wounded, and wasted,
deprived of love and compassion, and poisoned from the well of warfare, hatred,
and greed. None of us can boast of our goodness, we fall so short of the mark.
Our destiny is not in our hands, but in the hands of a forgiving and
compassionate creator. We are all, in the words of Kalen's book, DESTINED FOR
SALVATION.
What if humanity is far worse than our relative innocence you
imagine? What if we have truly become evil to the core, as so many verses
suggest:
- As it is written: “There is no one righteous, not even one; there is no one who understands; there is no one who seeks God. All have turned away, they have together become worthless; there is no one who does good, not even one.” “Their throats are open graves; their tongues practice deceit.” “The poison of vipers is on their lips.” “Their mouths are full of cursing and bitterness.” “Their feet are swift to shed blood; ruin and misery mark their ways.” (Rom. 3:10-16)
If this portrait corresponds to the real nature of humanity,
wouldn’t you have to revise your assessment of our innocence and God’s “hatefulness”
by judging?
Daniel my brother, you can't have both judgment and mercy enduring
forever. You cannot hate and love at the same time. One cancels out the other.
In Christ, mercy triumphs over Justice. That's in your bible too!
You insist that judgment is incompatible with love and cite
“mercy triumphs over judgment” in support. However, you seem to believe that
this teaching eliminates any need for judgment. However, when we take a look at
this passage in context, we have to reject this possibility:
- Speak and act as those who are going to be judged by the law that gives freedom, because judgment without mercy will be shown to anyone who has not been merciful. Mercy triumphs over judgment. (James 2:12-13)
Instead, James insisted that judgment is still on the table
for those who aren’t merciful. What then is mercy? According to Jesus, mercy is
predicated on repentance:
- Jesus answered, “Do you think that these Galileans were worse sinners than all the other Galileans because they suffered this way? I tell you, no! But unless you repent, you too will all perish. Or those eighteen who died when the tower in Siloam fell on them—do you think they were more guilty than all the others living in Jerusalem? I tell you, no! But unless you repent, you too will all perish.” (Luke 13:2-5)
Daniel, you can find passages of scripture that support
annihilationism. Those same passages, however, are subject to more than one
interpretation. The word in the Bible that is translated "destroyed"
simply means "lost." That which is lost can also be found. That which
is dead can be made alive again. That is what the Gospel of Christ is all
about. The Bible clearly teaches that in Christ "all shall be made
alive." Yes, the wages of sin is death and the destruction of the soul,
but the gift of God is life. All we like sheep have gone astray and become
"lost." Jesus will not lose any of those sheep permanently. He will
seek them out and eventually bring all of them back into the fold.
I certainly agree that the doctrine of eternal judgment is a
difficult one. It is for this reason (among others) that I am reluctant to
associate it with a God of Hate but rather of justice.
You are right that “in Christ, all shall be made alive.”
However, we have no basis to apply this to those outside of Christ.
Instead, Scripture offers little hope for those outside:
- Just as people are destined to die once, and after that to face judgment, so Christ was sacrificed once to take away the sins of many; and he will appear a second time, not to bear sin, but to bring salvation to those who are waiting for him. (Heb. 9:27-28)
I might not like this exclusivistic message, but I am bound
to submit to it, even before my understanding catches up to this revelation.
Daniel, do you really believe that that the Gospel is about justice? It
is exactly the opposite. It is the height of arrogance to believe that you are
"justly" going to heaven, while the mass of "unjust"
humanity is going to spend eternity in Hell.
You are right! Entering heaven is not a matter of justice
but of mercy, and mercy can be discriminate.
What kind of justice is it that prepares a "place" of eternal
suffering for temporal misdeeds? This even goes way beyond the "eye for an
eye, tooth for a tooth" scale-balancing justice of the Hebrew Bible. We
might even be able to live with a scale-balancing justice like the
"12-months-in-Gehenna" pictured by the rabbinical scholars of Jesus'
day, but a never-ending conscious torment?
Before we can conclude that hell is either unjust, we first
have to determine the exact nature of hell. However, we are told that hell will
be different for different people. It is also possible that those in hell might
eventually be annihilated. It is also possible that hell is self-chosen, and
that some would prefer darkness to the presence of God – something they detest.
Therefore, before you can disparage the justice of eternal
punishment, you need a better idea of what it will consist.
Daniel, you are completely missing the point. The purpose of God's
judgments is rehabilitation and restoration and repentance.
Is it always such? Can you support this contention? Perhaps
punishment is a just payment for our sins.
Daniel, unbelief is by definition ignorance of the truth. If one is not
ignorant of the truth, then by one would obviously be believing the truth.
Jesus refers to our sin as a kind of blindness. On the cross He asked the
Father to forgive his tormentors because "they know not what they
do."
I think that you will find that Jesus regards such ignorance
as culpable:
- "This is the verdict: Light has come into the world, but people loved darkness instead of light because their deeds were evil. Everyone who does evil hates the light, and will not come into the light for fear that their deeds will be exposed.” (John 3:19-20)
Also see the parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus (Luke 16)
where the problem of unbelief is not about a lack of evidence.
Daniel, yes, we are culpable or held accountable for our sins,
regardless of whether they are committed in ignorance or not, because our
sinful attitudes and behaviors are harmful to ourselves and others. So God does
chastise and correct us. That is not the same as banishment to Hell for all
eternity.
If God didn’t rescue them from their willful ignorance and
rebellion in this life, why should we expect that He’ll do so in the next? In
fact, we are taught to not expect this. Peter argued that if He condemned the
rebellious angels to hell, we should expect that he will do the same with us:
- For if God did not spare angels when they sinned, but sent them to hell, putting them in chains of darkness[b] to be held for judgment; if he did not spare the ancient world when he brought the flood on its ungodly people, but protected Noah, a preacher of righteousness, and seven others; if he condemned the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah by burning them to ashes, and made them an example of what is going to happen to the ungodly; and if he rescued Lot, a righteous man, who was distressed by the depraved conduct of the lawless… if this is so, then the Lord knows how to rescue the godly from trials and to hold the unrighteous for punishment on the day of judgment. (2 Peter 2:4-9)
If you were all-powerful and able to change peoples’ hearts and minds
through the influence of your indwelling spirit, would you not be completely able
to bring your wayward son to repentance, after you feel he has suffered enough
to learn his lesson?
I think that this is your strongest point. However, it just
doesn’t seem that our Lord does this. Instead, we see many who become hardened
in their unbelief and vitriol. Jesus said, “Jerusalem, Jerusalem, you who kill
the prophets and stone those sent to you, how often I have longed to gather
your children together, as a hen gathers her chicks under her wings, and you
were not willing." (Mat. 23:37)
Jesus declared that He had done what He either could or
would. Why doesn't God become more coercive with all unwilling people? I don't
know. However, I trust that He has his reasons. I am willing to live with a
certain degree of uncertainty in this area, while taking Him at His word.
Meanwhile, you insist that Her will not condemn anyone or
allow anyone to go to hell, because this doesn't correspond with your
philosophy. However, it does seem to correspond with Scripture.
I believe all the words of Jesus. Of course, He grieved over the lost
condition of the nation of Israel. Remember this also. That which is lost can
also be found. Jesus didn't come to condemn the world but that the world might
be saved through Him. He is more than able to accomplish all that He set out to
do.
Indeed, He can "accomplish all that He set out to
do." But did He ordain to accomplish the salvation of the entire world? So
many verses indicate that although He had paid the price for the sins of the
world, many will not avail themselves of it:
- “Enter through the narrow gate. For wide is the gate and broad is the road that leads to destruction, and many enter through it. But small is the gate and narrow the road that leads to life, and only a few find it... Not everyone who says to me, ‘Lord, Lord,’ will enter the kingdom of heaven, but only the one who does the will of my Father who is in heaven. Many will say to me on that day, ‘Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy in your name and in your name drive out demons and in your name perform many miracles?’ Then I will tell them plainly, ‘I never knew you. Away from me, you evildoers!’" (Mat. 7:13-23)
While it is true that Jesus acknowledged that He didn’t come
to judge the world, this still leaves open the possibility that the
non-believer will judge himself and flee from the light – the presence of God –
which he has always hated and into the darkness of lies and denial.
Universalist Carton Pearson started this thread by writing:
- What happens after this life we can only speculate about and trust that in the ultimate reality, intrinsic good will prevail in us, for us, through us and as us.
It is noteworthy that Pearson confesses agnosticism about
his universalistic heaven. It points to the possibility that agnosticism is endemic
to universalism. Why? Can the universalist really believe in the mercy of God if
he denies the inevitable judgment of God without it? It would seem that mercy of
the cross is predicated on our understanding that we need the cross, and that
without it, we face judgment.
It also makes me wonder if the Spirit will validate such a
faith in those who have rejected the fullness of the biblical revelation.
Instead, this agnosticism would seem to prove that the Spirit will not endorse
a faith based on picking-and-choosing those verses we find appealing. Instead,
we when submit to God, we submit to the totality of His Word (Mat. 4:4). By
doing this, we honor Him and He honors us:
- “Because he loves me,” says the Lord, “I will rescue him; I will protect him, for he acknowledges my name [who I am]. He will call on me, and I will answer him; I will be with him in trouble, I will deliver him and honor him. With long life I will satisfy him and show him my salvation.” (Psalm 91:14-16)
Does the universalist know God or has he re-created him in a
form that he finds appealing? In this way, has he thus rejected God?
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